Metacognition
Ignorance more frequently begets confidence than does knowledge.
– Charles Darwin, 1871
Per my request for a “productive” summer my new advisor at A&M sent me a data set to figure out. After some preliminary analyses, our data looks like what is already found in the literature. Let me explain, Dr. Geraci asked her post-secondary students to predict what they would earn on each of 5 exams immediately before taking the exam. As an incentive to be as accurate as possible, she gave them a few points extra credit if they were close. What I found was that people are not good guessers, or they have poor metacognition. However, this is not a new idea. Furthermore, there seems to be interaction, where the bottom quartile performers grossly overestimate their performance, and top quartile performers underestimate how well they think they’ll do. The question is, why are people so poor at guessing? Is it because (a) the information necessary to make accurate guesses is not available or (b) the information necessary to make accurate guesses IS available and participants choose to ignore it?
Not surprisingly, there is evidence that supports both theories. Recenlty Gramzow and colleagues 2008 found overestimation feels good per vagus nerve activity (i.e. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia) which supports theory (b). Our data supports (a) simply because their is an incentive to be correct and people are still not guessing well. However, the gravity of a “few points extra credit” is suspect. Sounds ripe for more probing.





